Interior Design Aspects Affecting Infection Rate: A Systematic Review of Possible Interventions

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, getting infected through the built environment is being studied. The measures that should be taken to reduce infection through the built environment are essential;not only for COVID-19, but this idea is present at all times of widespread diseases.The purpose of this research is to systematically review the relationship between the built environment and the spread of infection to create a potential guideline to reduce the transmission rate. Articles and studies on the relationship between infectious disease and the built environment were reviewed.Articles matching the selection criteria were identified. Most articles described peer reviews, consensus statements, and reports. The articles have provided data that can be used as guidance for reducing the transmission of infection within the built environment. It was found that evidence has been created such as ventilation, buffer spaces, flooring, and surfaces that can reduce the infection of COVID-19.

Remote synchronous delivery for interior design education: The shift toward innovative paradigms in design teaching approaches

In the uncertain COVID-19 situation, professionals working in education development and learning strategies start to wonder why the situation seems strange or even tough. Institutions got involved, somehow, in online teaching delivery. Most post-secondary institutions worldwide began to use virtual learning or remote synchronous delivery (RSD) as the most applicable method to keep a connection with students in a social-distancing situation. It might be too early to rush to drive solutions or summarize conclusions. The key point is to reach for expressive questions that describe and evaluate the situation in interior design education - an advanced step in the diagnosis of the current situation. This chapter investigates how the current pandemic situation affected teaching methods in the Bachelor of Interior Design (BID) program at University X. The chapter explores remote synchronous delivery in this program with a focus on three core interior design streams: studio, visual communication, and software and technology. As a response to crisis situations, the chapter begins to answer these questions: How did remote synchronous delivery affect interior design education? How can we be prepared for advanced teaching approaches? Will this pandemic lead to innovative approaches in interior design teaching pedagogy? © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Interior Design Students' Performance in Jordanian Universities

This research study compared the perceived performance of interior design students participating in Classroom Learning Versus Online Learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Jordan. The survey results suggest that first-year students had higher satisfaction ratings than third-year students. Second-year students had a medium level of expectations and perceptions regarding both online and classroom learning. The reasons for this difference in perceived performance could be attributed to a variety of factors, such as the novelty of online learning, the more complex coursework of third-year students, and the difficulty of conveying concepts in an online learning environment. In order to ensure that all students are receiving an equitable education, regardless of their year level, it is important to understand the root causes of the difference in satisfaction between first-and third-year students and to develop strategies to address any issues that arise. The findings of this study provide insight into the factors affecting student satisfaction with online learning and can inform the development of strategies to support students in their learning during the pandemic.

Computational analysis of a new biomimetic active ventilation paradigm for indoor spaces

Purpose: Ventilation of indoor spaces is required for the delivery of fresh air rich in oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide, pollutants and other hazardous substances. The COVID-19 pandemic brought the topic of ventilating crowded indoors to the front line of health concerns. This study developed a new biologically inspired concept of biomimetic active ventilation (BAV) for interior environments that mimics the mechanism of human lung ventilation, where internal air is continuously refreshed with the external environment. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed proof-of-concept of the new BAV paradigm using computational models. Design/methodology/approach: This study developed computational fluid dynamic models of unoccupied rooms with two window openings on one wall and two BAV modules that periodically translate perpendicular to or rotate about the window openings. This study also developed a time-evolving spatial ventilation efficiency metric for exploring the accumulated refreshment of the interior space. The authors conducted two-dimensional (2D) simulations of various BAV configurations to determine the trends in how the working parameters affect the ventilation and to generate initial estimates for the more comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) model. Findings: Simulations of 2D and 3D models of BAV for modules of different shapes and working parameters demonstrated air movements in most of the room with good air exchange between the indoor and outdoor air. This new BAV concept seems to be very efficient and should be further developed. Originality/value: The concept of ventilating interior spaces with periodically moving rigid modules with respect to the window openings is a new BAV paradigm that mimics human respiration. The computational results demonstrated that this new paradigm for interior ventilation is efficient while air velocities are within comfortable limits. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

An atomised interior: Exploring a morphology for a pandemic home

This article addresses the topic of 'openness' by interrogating established interior boundaries within the home through the speculative design of a 25 m(2) microhouse, as a direct response to a 'crises' in domestic architecture that has been abruptly placed in public discourse to an unprecedented extent by the COVID-19 global flu pandemic. During lockdown, our homes have had to accommodate a broader variety of activities with varying and sometimes conflicting requirements, which are often overlapping, both spatially and temporally. Over the course of the pandemic, this programmatic implosion of the home has starkly highlighted the failure of 'open-plan' spaces as individuals have struggled to establish personal territory, as well as the limitations of 'mono-functional' rooms. While the SARS-CoV-2 virus has tragically affected so many people globally, its associated social restrictions have provided an important catalyst for a much-needed spatial discourse on the domestic interior. The article posits the following question, amid a 'crisis' in domestic architecture that has been amplified by the Covid-19 flu pandemic and its associated lockdowns, how might the architect reconceptualize the spatial organisation of the contemporary dwelling interior to better accommodate the needs of its inhabitants through the speculative design of a 25m(2) microhouse? A 'Research by Design' method has resulted in 'Refugium', a microhome situated on the Danish Island of Bornholm. Through the design of 'Refugium', established domestic boundaries have been reimagined as liminal 'frontiers' of opportunity through spatial layering, a denser and less open 'atomised' plan arrangement & the articulation of deep inhabitable threshold places.

Crise sanitaire défi et perspective en architecture intérieur : Les nouveaux enjeux des espaces de travail

La crise sanitaire a fortement perturbé l'économie mondiale, les marchés du travail et notre mode de vie. Cette crise a replacé la santé au centre de nos préoccupations, nécessitant un rétablissement fondamental de la santé physique et mentale. Notre environnement spatial peut affecter notre humeur et nos comportements au quotidien, notamment pendant le confinement. Cette crise a également affecté la qualité de vie dans les espaces de travail, nous obligeant à les repenser tout en respectant la distanciation sociale. Cette distanciation est un défi à exploiter dans l'aménagement des espaces de travail. Notre réflexion ne va pas limiter les espaces intérieurs à un simple lieu de contamination, mais plutôt le considérer aussi comme une nouvelle piste exploitable tout en respectant les contraintes sanitaires et en anticipant les urgences futures. Dans ce contexte, de nombreuses questions se posent : Comment repenser nos espaces de travail pour respecter la distanciation sociale et les adaptés aux incertitudes de demain ? Comment le design peut répondre aux futurs enjeux économiques, sociaux et environnementaux ?Alternate :The health crisis has greatly disrupted the global economy, labor markets, and our way of life. This crisis has put health back at the center of our concerns, requiring a fundamental restoration of physical and mental health. Our spatial environment can affect our daily mood and behaviors, especially during confinement. This crisis has also affected the quality of life in workspaces, forcing us to rethink them while respecting social distancing. This distancing is a challenge to be exploited in the layout of workspaces. Our reflection will not limit interior spaces to a simple place of contamination, but rather also consider it as a new exploitable issue while respecting health constraints and anticipating future emergencies. In this context, many questions arise: How can we rethink our workspaces to respect social distancing and adapt them to the uncertainties of tomorrow? How can design respond to future economic, social, and environmental challenges?

Design Mentorship: Determinants of Career Development and Psychosocial Supports

When entry-level designers transition into the workplace, new responsibilities and adjustments to organizational procedures may cause uncertainty, even prior to COVID-19. Studies have shown that positive mentorship relationships can help newer protégés advance in their professional and individual career goals. This study employed a mixed-methods survey to understand the mentorship opportunities available to emerging designers and the impact of remote work on these dynamics. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed from eighty-five respondents using Ragins and McFarlin's RMMRI instrument. Participants reported an average of 1.84 formal mentors and 4.01 informal mentors, which were significantly positively associated with overall average mentor role scores. Participants indicated that they were most likely to receive individual categories of "acceptor” and "friend.” Yet, contextual factors (i.e., firm size and market sector) did not significantly influence mentor roles. Further, those from underrepresented groups scored "acceptor” significantly worse than their counterparts, yet they did not score mentor quality significantly differently. Qualitative insights indicated "coaching,” "acceptance,” and "counselor” were the primary mentor roles received by the participants. Other quantitative findings revealed that remote work had little impact on mentorship perceptions during COVID-19. Together, these findings help build understanding surrounding mentorship in design praxis.

Effect of workplace interior design on employees' and job seekers' decision to work at an organization: Person-organization fit-moderator or mediator?

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between workplace design (WPD) and current and future employees' decision to work at an organization (DTW), and to determine whether person-organization fit (POF) moderated or mediated that relationship. Two theories framed this study: the interior design theory of supportive design and the person-organization fit theory. Data were collected among 155 U.S. residents from The Chicago School of Professional Psychology students and alumni, as well as SurveyMonkey subscribers. This study used a questionnaire with WPD as independent variable, DTW as dependent variable, POF as moderating / mediating variable, and demographic variables (age, gender, race/ethnicity, and level of education) as control variables. One research question and three hypotheses guided this study. Data were assessed using Factor Analysis, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and regressions. Results suggested that WPD was a significant predictor of DTW, but that POF did not moderate that relationship. On the other hand, results suggested that POF significantly predicted DTW and that it also mediated the relationship between WPD and DTW. The study concluded that current and future employees' DTW at an organization was influenced by WPD via POF. It was recommended that organizations' executives consider both WPD and POF in their recruitment strategies to attract and retain better employees. This research was the first of its kind in linking the constructs of WPD and POF. This study is timely as organizations' leaders are still figuring out strategies to recruit and retain better employees in this COVID-19 pandemic era. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Exposures to Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds across Multiple Transportation Modes

Travellers may be exposed to a wide range of different air pollutants during their journeys. In this study, personal exposures within vehicles and during active travel were tested in real-world conditions across nine different transport modes on journeys from London Paddington to Oxford City Centre, in the United Kingdom. The modes tested covered cycling, walking, buses, coaches, trains and private cars. Such exposures are relevant to questions of traveller comfort and safety in the context of airborne diseases such as COVID-19 and a growing awareness of the health, safety and productivity effects of interior air quality. Pollutants measured were particle number (PN), particle mass (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2) and speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), using devices carried on or with the traveller, with pumped sampling. Whilst only a relatively small number of journeys were assessed—inviting future work to assess their statistical significance—the current study highlights where a particular focus on exposure reduction should be placed. Real-time results showed that exposures were dominated by short-term spikes in ambient concentrations, such as when standing on a train platform, or at the roadside. The size distribution of particles varied significantly according to the situation. On average, the coach created the highest exposures overall;trains had mixed performance, while private cars and active transport typically had the lowest exposures. Sources of pollutants included both combustion products entering the vehicle and personal care products from other passengers, which were judged from desk research on the most likely source of each individual compound. Although more exposed to exhaust emissions while walking or cycling, the active traveller had the benefit of rapid dilution of these pollutants in the open air. An important variable in determining total exposure was the journey length, where the speed of the private car was advantageous compared to the relative slowness of the coach. © 2023 by the authors.

Monoscalarity of architecture, multiscalarity of habitation. Notes on a problematic relationship in pandemic times

Architecture education is mainly monoscalar, in the sense that it tends to focus on one level of scale. Habitation, instead, is multiscalar. The asynchrony between design and habitation produces a tension between the built environment and its users. The paper connects the effects of this tension with the issues generated by pandemic health emergencies, analysing how limited sociality imposed by prevention measures affects habitation. Copyright © FrancoAngeli.

The Importance of House Interior Design in Meeting the Needs of the Residents in Urgent Circumstances in Jordan - "Corona Virus Crisis is an Example"

The new Coronavirus spread in the world, forming a global pandemic, which led to curfews and staying in homes for long periods, so the research problem appeared due to the imposition of a new lifestyle. So, the study aimed to determine the extent to which the interior design of Jordanian houses met the needs of the residents in exceptional circumstances due to the impact of the Corona pandemic. The methodology followed is the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire tool was used to collect data and information. Where the sample size should not be less than 384 respondents, and the questionnaire was distributed electronically, and as a result of the high turnout, the sample size increased to reach 457 respondents. The study hypotheses were tested and its statistical data was analyzed. The most important results of the study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the respondents' answers about their statements. The research questions were answered, and many results of the research emerged, the most prominent of which was the residents' knowledge of their home needs in exceptional circumstances, their desire to make some household changes, as well as the importance of changing the uses of some home spaces, and preparing suitable places in the home to do work, study or hospitalization. As well as the importance of preparing places for home quarantine for the injured and those in contact. © 2022 DSR Publishers/ The University of Jordan.

Student Perceptions Regarding the Blackboard Learning System Applied in Interior Architecture Project Courses During Covid-19

This article describes students' perceptions and satisfaction levels towards the Blackboard application, which they experienced as a learning tool throughout the design studio course they took during the Covid-19 pandemic. By making sketches, transferring ideas, sharing clear images, and accepting criticism in terms of satisfaction with the Blackboard system of instruction, it is attempted to understand the effects of features such as internet connection, technical infrastructure, and trainer. It has been observed that the lower grades of interior architecture students have a higher level of satisfaction with learning interior design through blackboard than the upper grade students © 2023 Ínanç Işıl Yıldırım & Rengin Zengel;published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License

Interior Design Aspects Affecting Infection Rate: A Systematic Review of Possible Interventions

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, getting infected through the built environment is being studied. The measures that should be taken to reduce infection through the built environment are essential;not only for COVID-19, but this idea is present at all times of widespread diseases. The purpose of this research is to systematically review the relationship between the built environment and the spread of infection to create a potential guideline to reduce the transmission rate. Articles and studies on the relationship between infectious disease and the built environment were reviewed. Articles matching the selection criteria were identified. Most articles described peer reviews, consensus statements, and reports. The articles have provided data that can be used as guidance for reducing the transmission of infection within the built environment. It was found that evidence has been created such as ventilation, buffer spaces, flooring, and surfaces that can reduce the infection of COVID-19.Copyright © 2022 Mohan R, et al.

Study of interior design for a restaurant in a shopping center for the new normal era: case of Manado town square mall

The phenomenon of the Cocid-19 pandemic affects various fields, one of which is the field of architecture where the concept of architectural design must adapt to a new life order that pays great attention to health protocols. Shopping centers where one of the dominant groups of tenants is a restaurant, must adjust the design of the space in it in order to attract visitors to keep coming in the New Normal era. This study was conducted to examine the atmosphere of the indoor shop in the restaurant in the Manado development center that can maintain visitor interest in the New Normal era during the Covid-19 virus pandemic. The approach used to solve research problems is a rationalistic approach. The main theory used is the Environmental Attribute Theory from Gerald D. Weisman (1981). The analysis technique for object-specific uses statistical quantitative analysis techniques that analyze the mean. The results of the study are expected to describe the factors of the store atmosphere in the interior of the restaurant in the center of Manado Town Square which can maintain visitor interest during the New Normal period due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Heimtextil 2023: trends, developments and innovations in home textiles

The 2023 edition of Heimtextil—the world's largest international trade fair for home and contract textiles—was held at the Messe Frankfurt Exhibition Center in Frankfurt, Germany, during January 10-13, 2023. There was a noticeable buzz at the fair, even though economic and political uncertainties continued to affect the textile industry. In particular, businesses were faced with ongoing challenges as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. A key attraction for visitors attending the fair was the Trend Space—an immersive exhibition area which was dedicated to the presentation of design trends in architecture, art, fashion, furniture, interior design and textiles. The overall design theme for the Trend Space was Textiles Matter, which was chosen to encourage visitors to focus on the full life cycle of textiles, starting from the cultivation or manufacture of fibres and continuing through to a product's afterlife. The theme is based on the Ellen MacArthur Foundation's principles of a circular economy which outlines two significant material cycles involved in circularity. One of the two cycles is the biological cycle, whereby organic materials are kept in a continuous loop—ie returned to earth—using processes such as composting and biodegradation. The other cycle is the technical cycle, whereby inorganic materials are kept in a continuous loop using processes such as reuse, repair, remanufacture and recycling. The theme was presented as a collection of four trends. Two of the trends were inspired by the biological cycle and were named From Earth and Nature Engineered. The other two trends were inspired by the technical cycle and were named Make and Remake, and Continuous. © Textiles Intelligence Limited 2023.

Interior Design: A New Perspective in Supportive Care of Patients with Acute Onset of Debilitating Diseases.

Background: Upon the onset of a debilitating rapidly evolving condition (such as cancer or a rapidly progressing myopathy, neuropathy, respiratory disease, or a severe traumatic injury), individuals have limited time to find a new home or make radical structural modifications in their residence. How the affected patients can continue sharing the same house with their families, while meeting their own special requirements, is thus rising as a critical issue. Household and daily routine rearrangements, either temporary or permanent, may be necessary, to ameliorate the life of patients with impairments, lasting for months or even years. Objectives: Interior design may provide a highly efficient "living" palliation for debilitating medical conditions directly at patients' home-site. Methods: Research of relevant literature, using keywords "debilitating conditions," "home care," "end of life care," "care of advanced cancer patients," "care of patients with mental disorders," "home care of covid-19 affected patients," and "care of patients with degenerative illnesses." Results: We found that patients and their relatives may not be aware of the probable interior design solutions to their daily life challenges, imposed by a disease-related impairment. In parallel, interior design experts may equally be unaware of these issues, as well as of who needs the available solutions.Similarly, medical and architectural sciences are not connected, eventually failing to meet patients' everyday needs. Conclusions: Interior architecture and health scientists are called to cooperate, aiming to provide a highly efficient and meaningful support to patients and families affected by unforeseen debilitating medical conditions.

Deployment and surface operations of the SEIS instrument onboard the InSight mission

On November 26th, 2018, the InSight spacecraft successfully landed on Mars after a 6-month journey. After a long deployment and commissioning phase, the SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) instrument was ready to monitor seismic events on the Elysium Planitia plain on the surface of Mars, coupled with the APSS (Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite) weather station equipped with a magnetometer, wind sensors, and a pressure sensor. The InSight mission goal is to characterize the deep interior structure of Mars, including the thickness and structure of the crust, the composition and structure of the mantle, and the size of the core. Its nominal duration of two years (2019–2020) has yielded unprecedented results with the detection of the first Martian seismic events ever recorded, and the in-depth characterization of its atmosphere with the best weather station ever deployed on Mars. InSight has collected an outstanding amount of high-quality measurements that the scientific community will spend many years analyzing. The extended mission has started and covers the years 2021 and 2022. This paper will describe the operations of the SEIS experiment on Mars since landing, as well as the challenges of operating this instrument. Energy becomes increasingly limited for payloads on Mars due to a significant amount of dust accumulated on the solar panels and the many dust storms in the Martian atmosphere. A new activity was decided for the extended mission in 2021 which consisted in burying the seismometer cable (or tether) with Martian regolith collected locally using the robotic arm, in order to reduce the seismic noise from that subsystem. Preparation activities, testing, results, associated challenges and lessons learned will be presented. Moreover, the paper will address the challenges faced in carrying out operations with COVID-related constraints, as finding oneself operating a seismometer on Mars from home can be challenging. Finally, management of periods of solar conjunctions, during which communication between Earth and Mars is unavailable, will be addressed. © 2022 IAA

Post-COVID Interiors in the City of Care

This research aims to address the relationship between "the city of care” and interior spaces in relation to the health care emergency that has partially—or substantially—changed our understanding of the design of spaces. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

An atomised interior: Exploring a morphology for a pandemic home

This article addresses the topic of 'openness' by interrogating established interior boundaries within the home through the speculative design of a 25 m(2) microhouse, as a direct response to a 'crises' in domestic architecture that has been abruptly placed in public discourse to an unprecedented extent by the COVID-19 global flu pandemic. During lockdown, our homes have had to accommodate a broader variety of activities with varying and sometimes conflicting requirements, which are often overlapping, both spatially and temporally. Over the course of the pandemic, this programmatic implosion of the home has starkly highlighted the failure of 'open-plan' spaces as individuals have struggled to establish personal territory, as well as the limitations of 'mono-functional' rooms. While the SARS-CoV-2 virus has tragically affected so many people globally, its associated social restrictions have provided an important catalyst for a much-needed spatial discourse on the domestic interior. The article posits the following question, amid a 'crisis' in domestic architecture that has been amplified by the Covid-19 flu pandemic and its associated lockdowns, how might the architect reconceptualize the spatial organisation of the contemporary dwelling interior to better accommodate the needs of its inhabitants through the speculative design of a 25m(2) microhouse? A 'Research by Design' method has resulted in 'Refugium', a microhome situated on the Danish Island of Bornholm. Through the design of 'Refugium', established domestic boundaries have been reimagined as liminal 'frontiers' of opportunity through spatial layering, a denser and less open 'atomised' plan arrangement & the articulation of deep inhabitable threshold places.

In-situ fabrication of 3D interior hotspots templated with a protein@Au core-shell structure for label-free and on-site SERS detection of viral diseases

Nanoscale plasmonic hotspots play a critical role in the enhancement of molecular Raman signals, enabling the sensitive and reliable trace analysis of biomedical molecules via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). However, effective and label-free SERS diagnoses in practical fields remain challenging because of clinical samples' random adsorption and size mismatch with the nanoscale hotspots. Herein, we suggest a novel SERS strategy for interior hotspots templated with protein@Au core-shell nanostructures prepared via electrochemical one-pot Au deposition. The cytochrome c and lysates of SARS-CoV-2 (SLs) embedded in the interior hotspots were successfully functionalized to confine the electric fields and generate their optical fingerprint signals, respectively. Highly linear quantitative sensitivity was observed with the limit-of-detection value of 10-1 PFU/ mL. The feasibility of detecting the targets in a bodily fluidic environment was also confirmed using the proposed templates with SLs in human saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs. These interior hotspots templated with the target analytes are highly desirable for early and on-site SERS diagnoses of infectious diseases without any labeling processes.